@article{aksnes2003macro,
  abstract = {This study investigates the role of self-citation in the scientific production of Norway (1981-1996). More than 45,000 publications have been analysed. Using a three-year citation window we find that 36% of all citations represent author self-citations. However, this percentage is decreasing when citations are traced for longer periods. We find the highest share of self-citation among the least cited papers. There is a strong positive correlation between the number of self-citations and the number of authors of the publications. Still, only a minor part of the overall increase in citation rates that can be found for multi-authored papers is due to self-citations. Also, the share of self-citation shows significant variations among different scientific disciplines. The results are relevant for the discussion concerning use of citation indicators in research assessments.},
  author = {Aksnes, Dag W.},
  doi = {10.1023/A:1021919228368},
  interhash = {d929a33337bbbcc3b3bc1ebc2d1fe3d3},
  intrahash = {b76d63d366bb3ca267df1c4f92979b69},
  issn = {0138-9130},
  journal = {Scientometrics},
  language = {English},
  number = 2,
  pages = {235-246},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  title = {A macro study of self-citation},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A%3A1021919228368},
  volume = 56,
  year = 2003
}

@article{bornmann2008citation,
  abstract = {Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a narrative review of studies on the citing behavior of scientists, covering mainly research published in the last 15 years. Based on the results of these studies, the paper seeks to answer the question of the extent to which scientists are motivated to cite a publication not only to acknowledge intellectual and cognitive influences of scientific peers, but also for other, possibly non‐scientific, reasons.Design/methodology/approach – The review covers research published from the early 1960s up to mid‐2005 (approximately 30 studies on citing behavior‐reporting results in about 40 publications).Findings – The general tendency of the results of the empirical studies makes it clear that citing behavior is not motivated solely by the wish to acknowledge intellectual and cognitive influences of colleague scientists, since the individual studies reveal also other, in part non‐scientific, factors that play a part in the decision to cite. However, the results of the studies must also be deemed scarcely reliable: the studies vary widely in design, and their results can hardly be replicated. Many of the studies have methodological weaknesses. Furthermore, there is evidence that the different motivations of citers are “not so different or ‘randomly given’ to such an extent that the phenomenon of citation would lose its role as a reliable measure of impact”.Originality/value – Given the increasing importance of evaluative bibliometrics in the world of scholarship, the question “What do citation counts measure?” is a particularly relevant and topical issue. },
  author = {Bornmann, Lutz and Daniel, Hans‐Dieter},
  doi = {10.1108/00220410810844150},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00220410810844150},
  interhash = {ef016be783f4956817cded258543ece3},
  intrahash = {544d3243f7c7327b946292a80f9b6451},
  journal = {Journal of Documentation},
  number = 1,
  pages = {45-80},
  title = {What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00220410810844150    },
  volume = 64,
  year = 2008
}

@article{ioannidis2014published,
  abstract = {<sec> <title></title> <p>In a 2005 paper that has been accessed more than a million times, John Ioannidis explained why most published research findings were false. Here he revisits the topic, this time to address how to improve matters.</p> <p><italic>Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary</italic></p> </sec>},
  author = {Ioannidis, John P. A.},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1001747},
  interhash = {8f87798566749594f170a42763ad239e},
  intrahash = {2ced982df534cdc04b9feff0f4206b2a},
  journal = {PLoS Med},
  month = {10},
  number = 10,
  pages = {e1001747},
  publisher = {Public Library of Science},
  title = {How to Make More Published Research True},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001747},
  volume = 11,
  year = 2014
}