@article{DOM+21, abstract = {X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) as the world`s most brilliant light sources provide ultrashort X-ray pulses with durations typically on the order of femtoseconds. Recently, they have approached and entered the attosecond regime, which holds new promises for single-molecule imaging and studying nonlinear and ultrafast phenomena like localized electron dynamics. The technological evolution of XFELs toward well-controllable light sources for precise metrology of ultrafast processes was, however, hampered by the diagnostic capabilities for characterizing X-ray pulses at the attosecond frontier. In this regard, the spectroscopic technique of photoelectron angular streaking has successfully proven how to non-destructively retrieve the exact time-energy structure of XFEL pulses on a single-shot basis. By using artificial intelligence algorithms, in particular convolutional neural networks, we here show how this technique can be leveraged from its proof-of-principle stage toward routine diagnostics at XFELs, thus enhancing and refining their scientific access in all related disciplines.}, adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}, adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021arXiv210813979D}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, author = {{Dingel}, Kristina and {Otto}, Thorsten and {Marder}, Lutz and {Funke}, Lars and {Held}, Arne and {Savio}, Sara and {Hans}, Andreas and {Hartmann}, Gregor and {Meier}, David and {Viefhaus}, Jens and {Sick}, Bernhard and {Ehresmann}, Arno and {Ilchen}, Markus and {Helml}, Wolfram}, eid = {arXiv:2108.13979}, eprint = {2108.13979}, interhash = {c803192ee609104c0af8500c632d5d01}, intrahash = {3904c6bd556676ba2223dbe50000ecbf}, journal = {arXiv e-prints}, month = aug, pages = {arXiv:2108.13979}, primaryclass = {physics.data-an}, title = {{Toward AI-enhanced online-characterization and shaping of ultrashort X-ray free-electron laser pulses}}, year = 2021 } @unpublished{orca15106, abstract = {This thesis is centred on the analysis of how the different groups of specialist experts that make up theoretical physics at large communicate and transmit knowledge between themselves. The analysis is carried out using two sociological frameworks: the Studies in Expertise and Experience (SEE) approach Collins and Evans, and mechanisms of sociological and institutional trust in the general sociology of science literature. I argue that the communication process is carried out in two ways: through interactional expertise that is based on deep comprehension when the interaction is between micro-cultures that are sociologically closely connected, and through lower forms of knowledge relying on trust for the micro-cultures that are sociologically far apart. Because the SEE framework is strongly based on the transmission of tacit knowledge, an analysis of the importance of tacit knowledge in theoretical physics is carried out to support the SEE analysis, and specific types of tacit knowledge are closely examined to understand how they shape theoretical physics practice. I argue that `physical intuition', one of the guiding principles of all theoretical activity, is in fact a type of tacit knowledge -somatic tacit knowledge- that is well known within social studies of science. The end result is a description of physics that highlights the importance of sociological mechanisms that hold the discipline together, and that permit knowledge to flow from the empirical to the theoretical poles of physics practice. The thesis is supported by unstructured interview material and by the author's prolonged interaction within theoretical physics professional circles }, author = {Galindo, Luis Reyes}, interhash = {b0bbac11cf3779f2d1728f3b21e6fa3c}, intrahash = {d80b5b720202b2353c0073c8994e7ad4}, school = {Cardiff University}, title = {The sociology of theoretical physics}, url = {http://orca.cf.ac.uk/15106/}, year = 2011 } @incollection{forbus1988qualitative, abstract = {Qualitative physics is concerned with representing and reasoning about the physical world. The goal of qualitative physics is to capture both the common-sense knowledge of the person on the street and the tacit knowledge underlying the quantitative knowledge used by engineers and scientists. The area is now a little over ten years old, which, at least measured in the span of AI, is a long time. So it makes sense to step back and try to systematize the work in the field and describe the current state of the art.}, address = {San Francisco, California}, author = {Forbus, Kenneth D.}, booktitle = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence}, chapter = 7, interhash = {8733594ffc96474d2c34ce9881ea282d}, intrahash = {b970bf1995a19b741a1feda04c594d6c}, pages = {239--296}, publisher = {Morgan-Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.}, title = {Qualitative Physics: Past, Present, and Future}, year = 1988 } @article{trofimenko1987scientometric, abstract = {A new method for author groups formation and decay processes is proposed. With the help of a special mathematical model time distribution of authors and their publications was established and group productivity, composition and stability, annual change of the total number of short-term and long-term authors, their renovation etc. as well as the time dependence of these quantities was determined. Particularities of activity of authors working in nuclear physics are investigated. It is shown that the most rapid development in this field took place in the pre-war years, it was at high level up to 1960 and then began to decrease. The method used permits to forecast the development of science and to analyse the activity of author units in particular scientific centers.}, author = {Trofimenko, A.}, doi = {10.1007/BF02016594}, interhash = {70ef7d29ceb3d0e9d7f83107562ea71e}, intrahash = {e9202505e95c9bb8ff47838b55a28db4}, issn = {0138-9130}, journal = {Scientometrics}, month = mar, number = 3, pages = {231--250}, title = {Scientometric analysis of the development of nuclear physics during the last 50 years}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02016594}, volume = 11, year = 1987 }