@presentation{petersen2008qualitative,
  author = {Petersen, Wiebke and Heinrich, Petja},
  howpublished = {presented at the 32th annual meeting of the Classification Society in Hamburg },
  interhash = {cb0721cb3aa84ba0898e3afc784559c8},
  intrahash = {cd5002cf2f214097cb7ff855b4af5db3},
  month = {07},
  title = {Qualitative Citation Analysis Based on Formal Concept Analysis},
  url = {http://user.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/~petersen/slides/Petersen_Heinrich_GFKL2008_slides.pdf},
  year = 2008
}

@article{albarrn2011references,
  abstract = {This article studies massive evidence about references made and citations received after a 5-year citation window by 3.7 million articles published in 1998 to 2002 in 22 scientific fields. We find that the distributions of references made and citations received share a number of basic features across sciences. Reference distributions are rather skewed to the right while citation distributions are even more highly skewed: The mean is about 20 percentage points to the right of the median, and articles with a remarkable or an outstanding number of citations represent about 9% of the total. Moreover, the existence of a power law representing the upper tail of citation distributions cannot be rejected in 17 fields whose articles represent 74.7% of the total. Contrary to the evidence in other contexts, the value of the scale parameter is above 3.5 in 13 of the 17 cases. Finally, power laws are typically small, but capture a considerable proportion of the total citations received.},
  author = {Albarrán, Pedro and Ruiz-Castillo, Javier},
  doi = {10.1002/asi.21448},
  interhash = {79502663727fcbd4834a423f4e3212a3},
  intrahash = {f20e50e960696bab3b39b628718dd850},
  issn = {1532-2890},
  journal = {Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology},
  number = 1,
  pages = {40--49},
  publisher = {Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company},
  title = {References made and citations received by scientific articles},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.21448},
  volume = 62,
  year = 2011
}

@article{cerinek2015network,
  abstract = {We analyze the data about works (papers, books) from the time period 1990–2010 that are collected in Zentralblatt MATH database. The data were converted into four 2-mode networks (works },
  author = {Cerinšek, Monika and Batagelj, Vladimir},
  doi = {10.1007/s11192-014-1419-z},
  interhash = {e65f748684210857bb19dc7f69d65f86},
  intrahash = {bcba93fd0e6381289c489cbab20bbec7},
  issn = {0138-9130},
  journal = {Scientometrics},
  language = {English},
  number = 1,
  pages = {977-1001},
  publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
  title = {Network analysis of Zentralblatt MATH data},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-014-1419-z},
  volume = 102,
  year = 2015
}

@article{phelan1999compendium,
  abstract = {This paper examines a number of the criticisms that citation analysis has been subjected to over the years. It is argued that many of these criticisms have been based on only limited examinations of data in particular contexts and it remains unclear how broadly applicable these problems are to research conducted at different levels of analysis, in specific field, and among various national data sets. Relevant evidence is provided from analysis of Australian and international data. },
  author = {Phelan, Thomas J.},
  doi = {10.1007/BF02458472},
  interhash = {a8e468c0850ef735517484b121e30630},
  intrahash = {a9d0ef4078c380cb07619a545ed4144d},
  issn = {0138-9130},
  journal = {Scientometrics},
  language = {English},
  number = 1,
  pages = {117-136},
  publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  title = {A compendium of issues for citation analysis},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458472},
  volume = 45,
  year = 1999
}

@article{bornmann2008citation,
  abstract = {Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a narrative review of studies on the citing behavior of scientists, covering mainly research published in the last 15 years. Based on the results of these studies, the paper seeks to answer the question of the extent to which scientists are motivated to cite a publication not only to acknowledge intellectual and cognitive influences of scientific peers, but also for other, possibly non‐scientific, reasons.Design/methodology/approach – The review covers research published from the early 1960s up to mid‐2005 (approximately 30 studies on citing behavior‐reporting results in about 40 publications).Findings – The general tendency of the results of the empirical studies makes it clear that citing behavior is not motivated solely by the wish to acknowledge intellectual and cognitive influences of colleague scientists, since the individual studies reveal also other, in part non‐scientific, factors that play a part in the decision to cite. However, the results of the studies must also be deemed scarcely reliable: the studies vary widely in design, and their results can hardly be replicated. Many of the studies have methodological weaknesses. Furthermore, there is evidence that the different motivations of citers are “not so different or ‘randomly given’ to such an extent that the phenomenon of citation would lose its role as a reliable measure of impact”.Originality/value – Given the increasing importance of evaluative bibliometrics in the world of scholarship, the question “What do citation counts measure?” is a particularly relevant and topical issue. },
  author = {Bornmann, Lutz and Daniel, Hans‐Dieter},
  doi = {10.1108/00220410810844150},
  eprint = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00220410810844150},
  interhash = {ef016be783f4956817cded258543ece3},
  intrahash = {544d3243f7c7327b946292a80f9b6451},
  journal = {Journal of Documentation},
  number = 1,
  pages = {45-80},
  title = {What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00220410810844150    },
  volume = 64,
  year = 2008
}

@inproceedings{brookes1990biblio,
  abstract = {This paper traces the origins of informatics, scientometrics and informetrics in the USSR and Hungary; the origins of information science, information studies and bibliometrics in Britain and the USA, and their interactions with library studies. Finaly, three different contexts are suggested in which the three '-metrics' have distinctive and important rules.},
  author = {Brookes, Bertram Claude},
  booktitle = {nformetrics 89/90 : selection of papers submitted for the second International Conference on Bibliometrics, Scientometrics, and Informetrics, London, Ontario, Canada, 5-7 July 1989},
  editor = {Egghe, Leo and Rousseau, Ronald},
  id = {0-444-88460-2, http://hdl.handle.net/1942/857},
  interhash = {f6654c8d4f1c4e5db5a961e117a975ac},
  intrahash = {3af628d72fd5c44ae741d4571463b1ac},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  title = {Biblio-, Sciento-, Infor-metrics??? What are we talking about?},
  type = {Proceedings Paper},
  url = {https://uhdspace.uhasselt.be/dspace/handle/1942/857},
  year = 1990
}

@article{bjrneborn2004toward,
  abstract = {In this article, we define webometrics within the framework of informetric studies and bibliometrics, as belonging to library and information science, and as associated with cybermetrics as a generic subfield. We develop a consistent and detailed link typology and terminology and make explicit the distinction among different Web node levels when using the proposed conceptual framework. As a consequence, we propose a novel diagram notation to fully appreciate and investigate link structures between Web nodes in webometric analyses. We warn against taking the analogy between citation analyses and link analyses too far.},
  author = {Björneborn, Lennart and Ingwersen, Peter},
  doi = {10.1002/asi.20077},
  interhash = {1c12570779b33a5a4a0ea079bd7b26a9},
  intrahash = {1ca6a8f4b30106cac0967307f412910f},
  issn = {1532-2890},
  journal = {Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology},
  number = 14,
  pages = {1216--1227},
  publisher = {Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company},
  title = {Toward a basic framework for webometrics},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.20077},
  volume = 55,
  year = 2004
}

@article{taguesutcliffe1992introduction,
  abstract = {The scope and significance of the field of informetrics is defined and related to the earlier fields of bibliometrics and scientometrics. The phenomena studied by informetricians are identified. The major contributors to the field in the past are described and current emphases are related to the contributions in this Special Issue. },
  author = {Tague-Sutcliffe, Jean},
  doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4573(92)90087-G},
  interhash = {d0f741e4634dc9881dcf19bd241844b4},
  intrahash = {6573cd7245e0df2962b54440b99608da},
  issn = {0306-4573},
  journal = {Information Processing & Management },
  number = 1,
  pages = {1 - 3},
  title = {An introduction to informetrics },
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030645739290087G},
  volume = 28,
  year = 1992
}

@article{borrego2012measuring,
  abstract = {This paper explores the possibility of using data from social bookmarking services to measure the use of information by academic researchers. Social bookmarking data can be used to augment participative methods (e.g. interviews and surveys) and other, non-participative methods (e.g. citation analysis and transaction logs) to measure the use of scholarly information. We use BibSonomy, a free resource-sharing system, as a case study. Results show that published journal articles are by far the most popular type of source bookmarked, followed by conference proceedings and books. Commercial journal publisher platforms are the most popular type of information resource bookmarked, followed by websites, records in databases and digital repositories. Usage of open access information resources is low in comparison with toll access journals. In the case of open access repositories, there is a marked preference for the use of subject-based repositories over institutional repositories. The results are consistent with those observed in related studies based on surveys and citation analysis, confirming the possible use of bookmarking data in studies of information behaviour in academic settings. The main advantages of using social bookmarking data are that is an unobtrusive approach, it captures the reading habits of researchers who are not necessarily authors, and data are readily available. The main limitation is that a significant amount of human resources is required in cleaning and standardizing the data.},
  author = {Borrego, Ángel and Fry, Jenny},
  doi = {10.1177/0165551512438353},
  eprint = {http://jis.sagepub.com/content/38/3/297.full.pdf+html},
  interhash = {71ddfdd5b3d99b1a2986b4ded5e02b3c},
  intrahash = {e5ccbb3378eeb88e7288d8ce59539812},
  journal = {Journal of Information Science},
  number = 3,
  pages = {297--308},
  title = {Measuring researchers' use of scholarly information through social bookmarking data: A case study of BibSonomy},
  url = {http://jis.sagepub.com/content/38/3/297.abstract},
  volume = 38,
  year = 2012
}

@article{ayres2007twentyfive,
  abstract = {This article describes cooperation between Bradford University Library and the Department of Computing that has resulted in nine research projects over a twenty-five year period on various aspects of bibliographic control. It recounts the origins of the Universal Standard Bibliographic Code (USBC) and its development for the identification of both books and non-book material. It then describes various aspects of the projects including simulating the merging necessary to set up a national database, the cleaning of a database, its use in inter-library lending, and its application together with expert systems for the quality control of databases. The final project is BOPAC that has used modern technology to create faster and better access to a number of library catalogues worldwide and has demonstrated that authority control in its present form is not effective. },
  author = {Ayres, F. H. and Ridley, J. M.},
  doi = {10.1300/J104v44n01_08},
  eprint = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1300/J104v44n01_08},
  interhash = {cca4fc8a3cfac69e11678be40da8de8f},
  intrahash = {ac2f370d6267ed2d9e8e81ae4d709735},
  journal = {Cataloging \& Classification Quarterly},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {113--130},
  title = {Twenty-Five Years of Bibliographic Control Research at the University of Bradford},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J104v44n01_08},
  volume = 44,
  year = 2007
}

@article{thijs2006influence,
  abstract = {In earlier studies by the authors, basic regularities of author self-citations have been analysed. These regularities are related to the ageing, to the relation between self-citations and foreign citations, to the interdependence of self-citations with other bibliometric indicators and to the influence of co-authorship on self-citation behaviour. Although both national and subject specific peculiarities influence the share of self-citations at the macro level, the authors came to the conclusion that - at this level of aggregation - there is practically no need for excluding self-citations. The aim of the present study is to answer the question in how far the influence of author self-citations on bibliometric meso-indicators deviates from that at the macro level, and to what extent national reference standards can be used in bibliometric meso analyses. In order to study the situation at the institutional level, a selection of twelve European universities representing different countries and different research profiles have been made. The results show a quite complex situation at the meso-level, therefore we suggest the usage of both indicators, including and excluding self-citations.},
  affiliation = {Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Steunpunt O&O Statistieken Leuven (Belgium) Leuven (Belgium)},
  author = {Thijs, Bart and Glänzel, Wolfgang},
  doi = {10.1007/s11192-006-0006-3},
  interhash = {82ea078d91ba87557fb69d7fba5171bc},
  intrahash = {c360454b0f49b781ccbbe16840f54b35},
  issn = {0138-9130},
  issue = {1},
  journal = {Scientometrics},
  keyword = {Computer Science},
  number = 1,
  pages = {71--80},
  publisher = {Akadémiai Kiadó},
  title = {The influence of author self-citations on bibliometric meso-indicators. {The case of european universities}},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-006-0006-3},
  volume = 66,
  year = 2006
}

@article{glanzel2004influence,
  abstract = {In a recent paper the authors have studied the role of author self-citations within the process of documented scientific communication. Two important regularities such as the relative fast ageing of self-citations with respect to foreign citations and the “square-root law” characterising the conditional expectation of self-citations for given number of foreign citation have been found studying the phenomenon of author self-citations at the macro level. The goal of the present paper is to study the effect of author self-citations on macro indicators. The analysis of citation based indicators for 15 fields in the sciences, social sciences and humanities substantiates that at this level of aggregation there is no need for any revision of national indicators and the underlying journal citation measures in the context of excluding self-citations.},
  affiliation = {Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Steunpunt O&O Statistieken Dekenstraat 2 B-3000 Leuven Belgium Dekenstraat 2 B-3000 Leuven Belgium},
  author = {Glänzel, Wolfgang and Thijs, Bart},
  doi = {10.1023/B:SCIE.0000018535.99885.e9},
  interhash = {22052b43afef9648c14e5cf7f1ca5560},
  intrahash = {d23fb8f74f6e1623bc0a845df9d630f0},
  issn = {0138-9130},
  issue = {3},
  journal = {Scientometrics},
  keyword = {Computer Science},
  number = 3,
  pages = {281--310},
  publisher = {Akadémiai Kiadó},
  title = {The influence of author self-citations on bibliometric macro indicators},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:SCIE.0000018535.99885.e9},
  volume = 59,
  year = 2004
}

@phdthesis{library2010bibliometrics,
  abstract = {Bibliometrics:
an overview

• Research impact can be measured in many ways: quantitative approaches
include publication counts, amount of research income, no of PhD students,
size of research group, no of PI projects, views and downloads of online
outputs, number of patents and licenses obtained, and others.
• Use of bibliometrics and citation analysis is only one of these quantitative
indicators.
• The ability to apply it and its importance in the overall assessment of research
varies from field to field
• Attempts at quantitative measures can be contrasted with the main alternative
assessment approach - qualitative peer-review in various forms
• The balance between use of bibliometrics and peer-review in assessing
academic performance at both the individual and unit levels is currently a “hot
topic” being played out locally, nationally and internationally
• This section provides an introductory overview of the field - others look in
more depth at: the key uses of bibliometrics for journal ranking and individual
assessment; the main metrics available; the main data sources and packaged
toolkits available},
  annote = {Kommentarö},
  author = {LIBRARYä, UCD},
  editor = {LIBRARY, UCD},
  interhash = {0d2c15c908a2c9eb09edb5d2f943c735},
  intrahash = {b34cd0d454229e69758efea1df97a68b},
  note = {Hinweisä},
  publisher = {Springer Verlag},
  title = {2Bibliometrics - an introduction},
  url = {http://www.ucd.ie/library/guides/pdf/bibliometrics/Bibliometrics.pdf},
  year = 2010
}