@article{bhooth2014scaffolding,
  abstract = {The role of the students’ mother tongue (L1) in the ESL/EFL classroom has been an on-going debate recently. A monolingual approach suggests that the use of the target language solely in L2 classroom increases the learning of the target language. However, this research is motivated by studies that suggest the use of L1 in ESL/EFL classroom facilitates rather than impedes target language learning. This paper examines the use of L1 in the EFL reading classroom in a University in Yemen. A mixed method design was employed and data were collected from a sample of 45-Yemeni students studying English as a Foreign Language at the university. The quantitative data was collected through a questionnaire, while qualitative data was gathered using semi-structured interviews guided by the research objectives. The findings reveal that the students perceive the use of Arabic (L1) as functional strategy in their EFL (L2) classrooms and that it is used to serve a number of purposes: to translate new words, to define concepts, to give some explanations and to help each other in their groups. The discussion of the findings concludes that L1 can be used as a scaffolding strategy by students in facilitating their learning and can be used as a pedagogical tool by the teacher to enhance learning experience as well as maximize engagement in the classroom.},
  author = {Bhooth, Abdullah and Azman, Hazita and Ismail, Kemboja},
  interhash = {a53e6f24f62ece22a04c1a577e6c4115},
  intrahash = {901dfeb87d191bdc8a9cd8beffff4779},
  journal = {Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences},
  month = {3},
  title = {The Role of the L1 as a Scaffolding Tool in the EFL Reading Classroom},
  uniqueid = {S1877042814015419|edselp},
  volume = 118,
  year = 2014
}

@misc{smit2017classroom,
  abstract = {An important goal of educational research is to find out which teaching practices are effective in promoting students' learning. In order to assess these practices, adequate observation instruments are needed. Existing observation schemes for language teaching are not suitable to gauge which teaching strategies scaffold EFL reading comprehension in particular and language learning in general. Therefore, we developed a new instrument: the English Reading Comprehension Observation Protocol. The focus of the instrument is on the role of the EFL teacher who helps students to move from learning to read to reading to learn in English. We conducted a generalizability study in order to establish the instrument's reliability. Twenty lessons taught by five experienced teachers were recorded and observed by five experienced teacher educators. The results of the generalizability study, in which we disentangled sources of variance, show that a large proportion of the variance can be attributed to differences between the teachers. This shows that the instrument has a high reliability and can help teachers identify their strengths and room for development. The instrument takes the form of a checklist and is easy to use for professional development purposes.},
  author = {Smit, Nienke and Van de Grift, Wim and De Bot, Kees and Jansen, Ellen},
  interhash = {d5c546f282511a21c60dc279961f857f},
  intrahash = {89f8268e9af97a984986f5a6bea1a68d},
  journal = {System},
  month = {4},
  title = {A classroom observation tool for scaffolding reading comprehension},
  uniqueid = {edsgcl.486389333|edsgao},
  volume = 65,
  year = 2017
}

@electronic{schneider2012settheoretic,
  address = {Cambridge},
  author = {Schneider, Carsten Q. and Wagemann, Claudius},
  format = {ebook},
  interhash = {cbc0ba4509c289c3d455b4af0e1d5759},
  intrahash = {1633a43d6ace012e5504d79cef1849f1},
  isbn = {9781283610834 (Sekundärausgabe)},
  partauthors = {<div class="authornolink">Wagemann, Claudius</div><a class="link authorlink" href="https://hds.hebis.de/ubks/Author/Home?author=Wagemann%2C+Claudius">Wagemann, Claudius</a>},
  primaryauthor = {Schneider, Carsten Q.},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  series = {Strategies for social inquiry},
  shortsubtitle = {: a guide to qualitative comparative analysis},
  shorttitle = {Set-theoretic methods for the social sciences : a guide to qualitative comparative analysis},
  subtitle = {[Elektronische Ressource] : a guide to qualitative comparative analysis / Carsten Q. Schneider and Claudius Wagemann},
  title = {Set-theoretic methods for the social sciences : a guide to qualitative comparative analysis},
  titlestatement = {Carsten Q. Schneider and Claudius Wagemann},
  uniqueid = {HEB32198062X},
  url = {http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=392328},
  year = 2012
}

@inproceedings{ls_leimeister,
  address = {Helsinki, Finland (accepted for publication)},
  author = {Peters, C. and Leimeister, J. M.},
  booktitle = {Eighth International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology (DESRIST)},
  interhash = {df69ab07e7f21529d53d332ac882148c},
  intrahash = {e3adde20541398943d6bfaa216d96137},
  note = {JML_397},
  title = {Blueprint-driven Telemedicine Process Modeling – A domain-specific Modeling Language},
  year = 2013
}

@book{Memo535914,
  author = {{Aichele, Valentin; Schneider}, Jakob},
  booktitle = { Soziale Menschenrechte älterer Personen in Pflege },
  coverage = {62 S.},
  interhash = {9d7e02b6c48418985f1f1c6f2d6011a2},
  intrahash = {9175ed89751a07d393df686a5a17be81},
  isbn = {3-937714-20-0},
  note = { Valentin Aichele ; Jakob Schneider. Deutsches Institut für Menschenrechte },
  publisher = { Dt Inst. für Menschenrechte },
  publisherplace = {Berlin},
  title = { Soziale Menschenrechte älterer Personen in Pflege, Studie },
  year = { 2006 }
}

@book{Memo344005,
  author = {von Andreas Jürgens ...},
  booktitle = { Das neue Betreuungsrecht },
  coverage = {XX, 223 S.},
  edition = { 2., durchges. Aufl. },
  editor = {Jürgens, Andreas},
  interhash = {83f42beb0495932c912fa4aae065b13c},
  intrahash = {43ab423d79deb3da732fa734db4fa57f},
  isbn = {3-406-36541-8},
  publisher = { Beck },
  publisherplace = {München},
  title = { Das neue Betreuungsrecht, eine systematische Gesamtdarstellung },
  year = { 1992 }
}

@book{Memo578080,
  author = {{Köller, Regine; Engels}, Dietrich},
  booktitle = { Rechtliche Betreuung in Deutschland },
  coverage = {242 S.},
  interhash = {7aa55f3461fa70259e4b0ad65c0542b0},
  intrahash = {950768b4f13640ab37e8f9f8bc79847f},
  isbn = {3-89817-816-7},
  note = { bearb. von Regine Köller und Dietrich Engels },
  publisher = { Bundesanzeiger-Verl. },
  publisherplace = {Köln},
  title = { Rechtliche Betreuung in Deutschland, Evaluation des zweiten Betreuungsrechtsänderungsgesetzes },
  year = { 2009 }
}

@book{Memo800087,
  author = {{Kierig, Franz Otto; Kretz}, Jutta},
  booktitle = { Formularbuch Betreuungsrecht },
  coverage = {XVII, 357 S.},
  edition = { 1. Aufl. },
  interhash = {b8ff4fd6db036412554102b0e39796e1},
  intrahash = {44370bd7c4b4efad76292d3984c76cf8},
  isbn = {3-406-46187-5},
  note = { von Franz Otto Kierig und Jutta Kretz },
  publisher = { Beck },
  publisherplace = {München},
  title = { Formularbuch Betreuungsrecht },
  year = { 2000 }
}

@article{kliethomaspfundsteinmnchener,
  author = {{Klie, Thomas ; Pfundstein}, Thomas},
  interhash = {5bd4b7988bf0136b377e2238e880a399},
  intrahash = {1a139e5a1f530395006a77307c648886},
  pages = { 	S. 75 - 130},
  title = {Münchener Studie 	freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen in Münchener Pflegeheimen},
  year = 2004
}

@article{zeitschriftfurgerontologiegeriatrieheidelberg0044281x2005besondere,
  author = {Weyerer, S.},
  editor = {{Schäufele, M. ; Hendlmeier}, I.},
  interhash = {54a5f5001b83c69f8e5dfc147e3845c7},
  intrahash = {e433d52e8d056df07508e5b239fb3216},
  journal = {Zeitschrift für Gerontologie + Geriatrie;Heidelberg;0044-281X, ZDB-ID 12270325},
  pages = {S. 85-94},
  title = {Besondere und traditionelle stationäre Betreuung demenzkranker Menschen im Vergleich},
  url = {http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00391/tocs/t5038002.htm},
  volume = {38 (2005)},
  year = 2005
}

@book{hrsg2008optimierung,
  author = {S., Meyer G. Köpke},
  editor = {(Hrsg.), Doris Schaeffer ...},
  interhash = {7394ac6f18d7c6f07639bffdb5f44147},
  intrahash = {7d68e386cf999d611453ba3ee5e52847},
  title = {Optimierung und Evidenzbasierung pflegerischen Handelns 	Ergebnisse und Herausforderungen der Pflegeforschung},
  year = 2008
}

@book{Memo291783,
  author = {für Praxisorientierte Forschung an der Evang. Fachhochschule Freiburg ... Thomas Klie; Thomas Pfundstein. Mit Beitr. von Erich Grond ..., Kontaktstelle},
  booktitle = { Pflege ohne Gewalt? },
  coverage = {220 S},
  interhash = {df3cbfcef1463385ee1ce857d5b297e8},
  intrahash = {898428007e7a686c615dbb147329ad06},
  isbn = {3935299664},
  publisher = { KDA },
  publisherplace = {Köln},
  series = { Vorgestellt;72 },
  title = { Pflege ohne Gewalt?, freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen in Pflegeheimen - Entwicklung von Präventions- und Handlungsmaßnahmen ; ein Theorie-Praxis-Projekt der Robert-Bosch-Stiftung },
  year = { 2005 }
}

@book{Memo549938,
  author = {Veranst.: Energietechn. Ges. im VDE (ETG), ETG-Fachausschuss 9 "Werkstoffe in d. Elektr. Energietechnik" ... Wiss. Tagungsleitung: K. A. Hempel},
  booktitle = { Magnetische Werkstoffe, Varistoren und Supraleiter },
  coverage = {172 S.},
  editor = {{Hempel, Karl A.; Energietechnische Gesellschaft <Deutschland}, Bundesrepublik> / Fachausschuss Werkstoffe in der Elektrischen Energietechnik},
  interhash = {0df328cd5fd36cb1e7b490044b967e84},
  intrahash = {c7afa6420670b667a10d3f64176c197e},
  isbn = {3-8007-1654-2},
  publisher = { Vde-Verl. },
  publisherplace = {Berlin [u.a.]},
  series = { ETG-Fachbericht;29 },
  title = { Magnetische Werkstoffe, Varistoren und Supraleiter, Anwendungen und Entwicklungstendenzen ; Vorträge der ETG-Fachtagung vom 27. bis 28. September in Baden-Baden },
  year = { 1989 }
}