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    Garbin, E. & Mani, I. Disambiguating toponyms in news 2005 Proceedings of the conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 363-370  inproceedings DOI URL 
    Abstract: This research is aimed at the problem of disambiguating toponyms (place names) in terms of a classification derived by merging information from two publicly available gazetteers. To establish the difficulty of the problem, we measured the degree of ambiguity, with respect to a gazetteer, for toponyms in news. We found that 67.82% of the toponyms found in a corpus that were ambiguous in a gazetteer lacked a local discriminator in the text. Given the scarcity of human-annotated data, our method used unsupervised machine learning to develop disambiguation rules. Toponyms were automatically tagged with information about them found in a gazetteer. A toponym that was ambiguous in the gazetteer was automatically disambiguated based on preference heuristics. This automatically tagged data was used to train a machine learner, which disambiguated toponyms in a human-annotated news corpus at 78.5% accuracy.
    BibTeX:
    @inproceedings{garbin2005disambiguating,
      author = {Garbin, Eric and Mani, Inderjeet},
      title = {Disambiguating toponyms in news},
      booktitle = {Proceedings of the conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
      publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
      year = {2005},
      pages = {363--370},
      url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1220575.1220621},
      doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1220575.1220621}
    }
    

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