TY  - CONF
AU  - Leskovec, Jure
AU  - Horvitz, Eric
A2  - 
T1  - Planetary-scale views on a large instant-messaging network
T2  - WWW '08: Proceeding of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web
PB  - ACM
CY  - New York, NY, USA
PY  - 2008/
M2  - 
VL  - 
IS  - 
SP  - 915
EP  - 924
UR  - http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1367620
M3  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1367497.1367620
KW  - analysis
KW  - messenger
KW  - msn
KW  - network
KW  - seminar2009
KW  - sna
KW  - social
L1  - 
SN  - 978-1-60558-085-2
N1  - Planetary-scale views on a large instant-messaging network
N1  - 
AB  - We present a study of anonymized data capturing a month of high-level communication activities within the whole of the Microsoft Messenger instant-messaging system. We examine characteristics and patterns that emerge from the collective dynamics of large numbers of people, rather than the actions and characteristics of individuals. The dataset contains summary properties of 30 billion conversations among 240 million people. From the data, we construct a communication graph with 180 million nodes and 1.3 billion undirected edges, creating the largest social network constructed and analyzed to date. We report on multiple aspects of the dataset and synthesized graph. We find that the graph is well-connected and robust to node removal. We investigate on a planetary-scale the oft-cited report that people are separated by "six degrees of separation" and find that the average path length among Messenger users is 6.6. We find that people tend to communicate more with each other when they have similar age, language, and location, and that cross-gender conversations are both more frequent and of longer duration than conversations with the same gender.
ER  -

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crestani, F.
T1  - Application of Spreading Activation Techniques in Information Retrieval
JO  - Artificial Intelligence Review
PY  - 1997/12
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
SP  - 453
EP  - 482
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006569829653
M3  - 
KW  - ***
KW  - activation
KW  - information
KW  - ir
KW  - msn
KW  - network
KW  - retrieval
KW  - search
KW  - semantic
KW  - spreading
KW  - survey
L1  - 
SN  - 
N1  - SpringerLink - Zeitschriftenbeitrag
N1  - 
AB  - This paper surveys the use of Spreading Activation techniques onSemantic Networks in Associative Information Retrieval. The majorSpreading Activation models are presented and their applications toIR is surveyed. A number of works in this area are criticallyanalyzed in order to study the relevance of Spreading Activation forassociative IR.
<p>ER  -
ER  -

TY  - CONF
AU  - Salton, G.
AU  - Buckley, C.
A2  - 
T1  - On the use of spreading activation methods in automatic information
T2  - SIGIR '88: Proceedings of the 11th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - New York, NY, USA
PY  - 1988/
M2  - 
VL  - 
IS  - 
SP  - 147
EP  - 160
UR  - http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=62447&dl=ACM&coll=GUIDE
M3  - http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/62437.62447
KW  - ***
KW  - activation
KW  - evaluation
KW  - ir
KW  - msn
KW  - network
KW  - semantic
KW  - spreading
L1  - 
SN  - 2-7061-0309-4
N1  - On the use of spreading activation methods in automatic information
N1  - 
AB  - Spreading activation methods have been recommended in information retrieval to expand the search vocabulary and to complement the retrieved document sets. The spreading activation strategy is reminiscent of earlier associative indexing and retrieval systems. Some spreading activation procedures are briefly described, and evaluation output is given, reflecting the effectiveness of one of the proposed procedures.
ER  -