TY  - RPRT
AU  - El Ahmad, Ahmad S
AU  - Yan, Jeff
AU  - Tayara, Mohamad
A2  - 
T1  - The Robustness of Google CAPTCHAs
PB  - School of Computer Science, Newcastle University, UK
AD  - 
PY  - 2011/05
VL  - 
IS  - 
SP  - 
EP  - 
UR  - http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/jeff.yan/google.pdf
DO  - 
KW  - captcha
KW  - character
KW  - google
KW  - image
KW  - ocr
KW  - recognition
KW  - segmentation
L1  - 
N1  - 
N1  - 
N1  - 
AB  - We report a novel attack on two CAPTCHAs that have been widely deployed on the Internet, one being Google's home design and the other acquired by Google (i.e. reCAPTCHA). With a minor change, our attack program also works well on the latest ReCAPTCHA version, which uses a new defence mechanism that was unknown to us when we designed our attack. This suggests that our attack works in a fundamental level. Our attack appears to be applicable to a whole family of text CAPTCHAs that build on top of the popular segmentation-resistant mechanism of "crowding character together" for security. Next, we propose a novel framework that guides the application of our well-tested security engineering methodology for evaluating CAPTCHA robustness, and we propose a new general principle for CAPTCHA design. 
ER  -

TY  - CONF
AU  - Toepfer, Martin
AU  - Kluegl, Peter
AU  - Hotho, Andreas
AU  - Puppe, Frank
A2  - 
T1  - Segmentation of References with Skip-Chain Conditional Random Fields for Consistent Label Transitions
T2  - Workshop Notes of the LWA 2011 - Learning, Knowledge, Adaptation
PB  - 
C1  - 
PY  - 2011/
CY  -  
VL  - 
IS  - 
SP  - 
EP  - 
UR  - http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/papers/pkluegl/2011-LWA-SkYp.pdf
DO  - 
KW  - 2011
KW  - chain
KW  - conditional
KW  - myown
KW  - references
KW  - segmentation
L1  - 
SN  - 
N1  - 
N1  - 
AB  - 
ER  -

TY  - CONF
AU  - Scholz, S.W.
AU  - Wagner, R.
A2  - Okada, A.
A2  - Imaizumi, T.
A2  - Bock, H.-H.
A2  - Gaul, W.
T1  - Classification in Marketing Science
T2  - Cooperation in Classification and Data Analysis
PB  - Springer
C1  - Berlin
PY  - 2009/
CY  -  
VL  - 
IS  - 
SP  - 99 
EP  -  106
UR  - 
DO  - 
KW  - 2009
KW  - Quantitative_Methoden_der_Marketingforschung
KW  - bi-secting
KW  - classification
KW  - k-means
KW  - myown
KW  - proceedings
KW  - segmentation
KW  - text_mining
L1  - 
SN  - 
N1  - 
N1  - 
AB  - 
ER  -

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baerveldt, T. A. B.
T1  - Influences on and from the segmentation of networks: hypotheses and tests
JO  -  Social Networks
PY  - 1994/
VL  - 16
IS  - 
SP  - 213
EP  - 232
UR  - http://www.prevention.psu.edu/events/documents/BaerveldtandSnijders1994_Influencesonandfromthesegmentation.pdf
DO  - 
KW  - social
KW  - segmentation
KW  - measures
KW  - networks
KW  - network
KW  - sna
L1  - 
SN  - 
N1  - 
N1  - 
AB  - 
ER  -