<p>The issue of sustainability is at the top of the political and societal agenda, being considered of extreme importance and urgency. Human individual action impacts the environment both locally (e.g., local air/water quality, noise disturbance) and globally (e.g., climate change, resource use). Urban environments represent a crucial example, with an increasing realization that the most effective way of producing a change is involving the citizens themselves in monitoring campaigns (a citizen science bottom-up approach). This is possible by developing novel technologies and IT infrastructures enabling large citizen participation. Here, in the wider framework of one of the first such projects, we show results from an international competition where citizens were involved in mobile air pollution monitoring using low cost sensing devices, combined with a web-based game to monitor perceived levels of pollution. Measures of shift in perceptions over the course of the campaign are provided, together with insights into participatory patterns emerging from this study. Interesting effects related to inertia and to direct involvement in measurement activities rather than indirect information exposure are also highlighted, indicating that direct involvement can enhance learning and environmental awareness. In the future, this could result in better adoption of policies towards decreasing pollution.</p>

@article{10.1371/journal.pone.0136763, author = {Sîrbu, Alina and Becker, Martin and Caminiti, Saverio and De Baets, Bernard and Elen, Bart and Francis, Louise and Gravino, Pietro and Hotho, Andreas and Ingarra, Stefano and Loreto, Vittorio and Molino, Andrea and Mueller, Juergen and Peters, Jan and Ricchiuti, Ferdinando and Saracino, Fabio and Servedio, Vito D. P. and Stumme, Gerd and Theunis, Jan and Tria, Francesca and Van den Bossche, Joris}, title = {Participatory Patterns in an International Air Quality Monitoring Initiative}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, year = {2015}, volume = {10}, number = {8}, pages = {e0136763}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0136763}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0136763}, keywords = {air, airprobe, everyaware, game, myown, pollution, quality}, abstract = {<p>The issue of sustainability is at the top of the political and societal agenda, being considered of extreme importance and urgency. Human individual action impacts the environment both locally (e.g., local air/water quality, noise disturbance) and globally (e.g., climate change, resource use). Urban environments represent a crucial example, with an increasing realization that the most effective way of producing a change is involving the citizens themselves in monitoring campaigns (a citizen science bottom-up approach). This is possible by developing novel technologies and IT infrastructures enabling large citizen participation. Here, in the wider framework of one of the first such projects, we show results from an international competition where citizens were involved in mobile air pollution monitoring using low cost sensing devices, combined with a web-based game to monitor perceived levels of pollution. Measures of shift in perceptions over the course of the campaign are provided, together with insights into participatory patterns emerging from this study. Interesting effects related to inertia and to direct involvement in measurement activities rather than indirect information exposure are also highlighted, indicating that direct involvement can enhance learning and environmental awareness. In the future, this could result in better adoption of policies towards decreasing pollution.</p>} }

%0 = article %A = Sîrbu, Alina and Becker, Martin and Caminiti, Saverio and De Baets, Bernard and Elen, Bart and Francis, Louise and Gravino, Pietro and Hotho, Andreas and Ingarra, Stefano and Loreto, Vittorio and Molino, Andrea and Mueller, Juergen and Peters, Jan and Ricchiuti, Ferdinando and Saracino, Fabio and Servedio, Vito D. P. and Stumme, Gerd and Theunis, Jan and Tria, Francesca and Van den Bossche, Joris %D = 2015 %I = Public Library of Science %T = Participatory Patterns in an International Air Quality Monitoring Initiative %U = http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0136763

Sensor data is objective. But when measuring our environment, measured values are contrasted with our perception, which is always subjective. This makes interpreting sensor measurements difficult for a single person in her personal environment. In this context, the EveryAware projects directly connects the concepts of objective sensor data with subjective impressions and perceptions by providing a collective sensing platform with several client applications allowing to explicitly associate those two data types. The goal is to provide the user with personalized feedback, a characterization of the global as well as her personal environment, and enable her to position her perceptions in this global context.
this poster we summarize the collected data of two EveryAware applications, namely WideNoise for noise measurements and AirProbe for participatory air quality sensing. Basic insights are presented including user activity, learning processes and sensor data to perception correlations. These results provide an outlook on how this data can further be used to understand the connection between sensor data and perceptions.

@misc{becker2014subjective, author = {Becker, Martin and Hotho, Andreas and Mueller, Juergen and Kibanov, Mark and Atzmueller, Martin and Stumme, Gerd}, title = {Subjective vs. Objective Data: Bridging the Gap}, year = {2014}, url = {http://www.gesis.org/en/events/css-wintersymposium/poster-presentation/}, keywords = {2015, everyaware, myown}, abstract = {Sensor data is objective. But when measuring our environment, measured values are contrasted with our perception, which is always subjective. This makes interpreting sensor measurements difficult for a single person in her personal environment. In this context, the EveryAware projects directly connects the concepts of objective sensor data with subjective impressions and perceptions by providing a collective sensing platform with several client applications allowing to explicitly associate those two data types. The goal is to provide the user with personalized feedback, a characterization of the global as well as her personal environment, and enable her to position her perceptions in this global context. In this poster we summarize the collected data of two EveryAware applications, namely WideNoise for noise measurements and AirProbe for participatory air quality sensing. Basic insights are presented including user activity, learning processes and sensor data to perception correlations. These results provide an outlook on how this data can further be used to understand the connection between sensor data and perceptions. } }

%0 = misc %A = Becker, Martin and Hotho, Andreas and Mueller, Juergen and Kibanov, Mark and Atzmueller, Martin and Stumme, Gerd %B = } %C = %D = 2014 %I = %T = Subjective vs. Objective Data: Bridging the Gap} %U = http://www.gesis.org/en/events/css-wintersymposium/poster-presentation/

@inproceedings{HSWHFT2014, author = {Hasenfratz, David and Saukh, Olga and Walser, Christoph and Hueglin, Christoph and Fierz, Martin and Thiele, Lothar}, title = {Pushing the spatio-temporal resolution limit of urban air pollution maps}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom 2014)}, address = {Budapest, Hungary}, year = {2014}, pages = {69--77}, keywords = {air, everyaware, map, pollution} }

%0 = inproceedings %A = Hasenfratz, David and Saukh, Olga and Walser, Christoph and Hueglin, Christoph and Fierz, Martin and Thiele, Lothar %B = Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom 2014) %C = Budapest, Hungary %D = 2014 %T = Pushing the spatio-temporal resolution limit of urban air pollution maps

<p>The development of ICT infrastructures has facilitated the emergence of new paradigms for looking at society and the environment over the last few years. Participatory environmental sensing, i.e. directly involving citizens in environmental monitoring, is one example, which is hoped to encourage learning and enhance awareness of environmental issues. In this paper, an analysis of the behaviour of individuals involved in noise sensing is presented. Citizens have been involved in noise measuring activities through the WideNoise smartphone application. This application has been designed to record both objective (noise samples) and subjective (opinions, feelings) data. The application has been open to be used freely by anyone and has been widely employed worldwide. In addition, several test cases have been organised in European countries. Based on the information submitted by users, an analysis of emerging awareness and learning is performed. The data show that changes in the way the environment is perceived after repeated usage of the application do appear. Specifically, users learn how to recognise different noise levels they are exposed to. Additionally, the subjective data collected indicate an increased user involvement in time and a categorisation effect between pleasant and less pleasant environments.</p>

@article{10.1371/journal.pone.0081638, author = {Becker, Martin and Caminiti, Saverio and Fiorella, Donato and Francis, Louise and Gravino, Pietro and Haklay, Mordechai (Muki) and Hotho, Andreas and Loreto, Vittorio and Mueller, Juergen and Ricchiuti, Ferdinando and Servedio, Vito D. P. and Sîrbu, Alina and Tria, Francesca}, title = {Awareness and Learning in Participatory Noise Sensing}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, year = {2013}, volume = {8}, number = {12}, pages = {e81638}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0081638}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0081638}, keywords = {2013, everyaware, iteg, itegpub, l3s, noise, sensing, sitc, widenoise}, abstract = {<p>The development of ICT infrastructures has facilitated the emergence of new paradigms for looking at society and the environment over the last few years. Participatory environmental sensing, i.e. directly involving citizens in environmental monitoring, is one example, which is hoped to encourage learning and enhance awareness of environmental issues. In this paper, an analysis of the behaviour of individuals involved in noise sensing is presented. Citizens have been involved in noise measuring activities through the WideNoise smartphone application. This application has been designed to record both objective (noise samples) and subjective (opinions, feelings) data. The application has been open to be used freely by anyone and has been widely employed worldwide. In addition, several test cases have been organised in European countries. Based on the information submitted by users, an analysis of emerging awareness and learning is performed. The data show that changes in the way the environment is perceived after repeated usage of the application do appear. Specifically, users learn how to recognise different noise levels they are exposed to. Additionally, the subjective data collected indicate an increased user involvement in time and a categorisation effect between pleasant and less pleasant environments.</p>} }

%0 = article %A = Becker, Martin and Caminiti, Saverio and Fiorella, Donato and Francis, Louise and Gravino, Pietro and Haklay, Mordechai (Muki) and Hotho, Andreas and Loreto, Vittorio and Mueller, Juergen and Ricchiuti, Ferdinando and Servedio, Vito D. P. and Sîrbu, Alina and Tria, Francesca %D = 2013 %I = Public Library of Science %T = Awareness and Learning in Participatory Noise Sensing %U = http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0081638

<p>The development of ICT infrastructures has facilitated the emergence of new paradigms for looking at society and the environment over the last few years. Participatory environmental sensing, i.e. directly involving citizens in environmental monitoring, is one example, which is hoped to encourage learning and enhance awareness of environmental issues. In this paper, an analysis of the behaviour of individuals involved in noise sensing is presented. Citizens have been involved in noise measuring activities through the WideNoise smartphone application. This application has been designed to record both objective (noise samples) and subjective (opinions, feelings) data. The application has been open to be used freely by anyone and has been widely employed worldwide. In addition, several test cases have been organised in European countries. Based on the information submitted by users, an analysis of emerging awareness and learning is performed. The data show that changes in the way the environment is perceived after repeated usage of the application do appear. Specifically, users learn how to recognise different noise levels they are exposed to. Additionally, the subjective data collected indicate an increased user involvement in time and a categorisation effect between pleasant and less pleasant environments.</p>

@article{10.1371/journal.pone.0081638, author = {Becker, Martin and Caminiti, Saverio and Fiorella, Donato and Francis, Louise and Gravino, Pietro and Haklay, Mordechai (Muki) and Hotho, Andreas and Loreto, Vittorio and Mueller, Juergen and Ricchiuti, Ferdinando and Servedio, Vito D. P. and Sîrbu, Alina and Tria, Francesca}, title = {Awareness and Learning in Participatory Noise Sensing}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, year = {2013}, volume = {8}, number = {12}, pages = {e81638}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0081638}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0081638}, keywords = {2013, analysis, everyaware, myown, noise, sensing, widenoise}, abstract = {<p>The development of ICT infrastructures has facilitated the emergence of new paradigms for looking at society and the environment over the last few years. Participatory environmental sensing, i.e. directly involving citizens in environmental monitoring, is one example, which is hoped to encourage learning and enhance awareness of environmental issues. In this paper, an analysis of the behaviour of individuals involved in noise sensing is presented. Citizens have been involved in noise measuring activities through the WideNoise smartphone application. This application has been designed to record both objective (noise samples) and subjective (opinions, feelings) data. The application has been open to be used freely by anyone and has been widely employed worldwide. In addition, several test cases have been organised in European countries. Based on the information submitted by users, an analysis of emerging awareness and learning is performed. The data show that changes in the way the environment is perceived after repeated usage of the application do appear. Specifically, users learn how to recognise different noise levels they are exposed to. Additionally, the subjective data collected indicate an increased user involvement in time and a categorisation effect between pleasant and less pleasant environments.</p>} }

%0 = article %A = Becker, Martin and Caminiti, Saverio and Fiorella, Donato and Francis, Louise and Gravino, Pietro and Haklay, Mordechai (Muki) and Hotho, Andreas and Loreto, Vittorio and Mueller, Juergen and Ricchiuti, Ferdinando and Servedio, Vito D. P. and Sîrbu, Alina and Tria, Francesca %D = 2013 %I = Public Library of Science %T = Awareness and Learning in Participatory Noise Sensing %U = http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0081638

With the rising popularity of smart mobile devices, sensor data-based
pplications have become more and more popular. Their users record
ata during their daily routine or specifically for certain events.
he application WideNoise Plus allows users to record sound samples
nd to annotate them with perceptions and tags. The app is being
sed to document and map the soundscape all over the world. The procedure
f recording, including the assignment of tags, has to be as easy-to-use
s possible. We therefore discuss the application of tag recommender
lgorithms in this particular scenario. We show, that this task is
undamentally different from the well-known tag recommendation problem
n folksonomies as users do no longer tag fix resources but rather
ensory data and impressions. The scenario requires efficient recommender
lgorithms that are able to run on the mobile device, since Internet
onnectivity cannot be assumed to be available. Therefore, we evaluate
he performance of several tag recommendation algorithms and discuss
heir applicability in the mobile sensing use-case.

@inproceedings{mueller2013recommendations, author = {Mueller, Juergen and Doerfel, Stephan and Becker, Martin and Hotho, Andreas and Stumme, Gerd}, title = {Tag Recommendations for SensorFolkSonomies}, booktitle = {Recommender Systems and the Social Web Workshop at 7th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, RecSys 2013, Hong Kong, China -- October 12-16, 2013. Proceedings}, publisher = {CEUR-WS}, address = {Aachen, Germany}, year = {2013}, volume = {1066}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1066/}, keywords = {2013, everyaware, folksonomy, myown, recommender, sensor, tag}, abstract = {With the rising popularity of smart mobile devices, sensor data-based
pplications have become more and more popular. Their users record
ata during their daily routine or specifically for certain events.
he application WideNoise Plus allows users to record sound samples
nd to annotate them with perceptions and tags. The app is being
sed to document and map the soundscape all over the world. The procedure
f recording, including the assignment of tags, has to be as easy-to-use
s possible. We therefore discuss the application of tag recommender
lgorithms in this particular scenario. We show, that this task is
undamentally different from the well-known tag recommendation problem
n folksonomies as users do no longer tag fix resources but rather
ensory data and impressions. The scenario requires efficient recommender
lgorithms that are able to run on the mobile device, since Internet
onnectivity cannot be assumed to be available. Therefore, we evaluate
he performance of several tag recommendation algorithms and discuss
heir applicability in the mobile sensing use-case.} }

%0 = inproceedings %A = Mueller, Juergen and Doerfel, Stephan and Becker, Martin and Hotho, Andreas and Stumme, Gerd %B = Recommender Systems and the Social Web Workshop at 7th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, RecSys 2013, Hong Kong, China -- October 12-16, 2013. Proceedings %C = Aachen, Germany %D = 2013 %I = CEUR-WS %T = Tag Recommendations for SensorFolkSonomies %U = http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1066/

The extensive literature documenting the ecological effects of roads has repeatedly implicated noise as one of the causal factors. Recent studies of wildlife responses to noise have decisively identified changes in animal behaviors and spatial distributions that are caused by noise. Collectively, this research suggests that spatial extent and intensity of potential noise impacts to wildlife can be studied by mapping noise sources and modeling the propagation of noise across landscapes. Here we present models of energy extraction, aircraft overflight and roadway noise as examples of spatially extensive sources and to present tools available for landscape scale investigations. We focus these efforts in US National Parks (Mesa Verde, Grand Teton and Glacier) to highlight that ecological noise pollution is not a threat restricted to developed areas and that many protected natural areas experience significant noise loads. As a heuristic tool for understanding past and future noise pollution we forecast community noise utilizing a spatially-explicit land-use change model that depicts the intensity of human development at sub-county resolution. For road noise, we transform effect distances from two studies into sound levels to begin a discussion of noise thresholds for wildlife. The spatial scale of noise exposure is far larger than any protected area, and no site in the continental US is free form noise. The design of observational and experimental studies of noise effects should be informed by knowledge of regional noise exposure patterns.

@article{noKey, author = {Barber, Jesse R. and Burdett, Chris L. and Reed, Sarah E. and Warner, Katy A. and Formichella, Charlotte and Crooks, Kevin R. and Theobald, Dave M. and Fristrup, Kurt M.}, title = {Anthropogenic noise exposure in protected natural areas: estimating the scale of ecological consequences}, journal = {Landscape Ecology}, publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, year = {2011}, volume = {26}, number = {9}, pages = {1281-1295}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9646-7}, doi = {10.1007/s10980-011-9646-7}, issn = {0921-2973}, keywords = {everyaware, noise, toread}, abstract = {The extensive literature documenting the ecological effects of roads has repeatedly implicated noise as one of the causal factors. Recent studies of wildlife responses to noise have decisively identified changes in animal behaviors and spatial distributions that are caused by noise. Collectively, this research suggests that spatial extent and intensity of potential noise impacts to wildlife can be studied by mapping noise sources and modeling the propagation of noise across landscapes. Here we present models of energy extraction, aircraft overflight and roadway noise as examples of spatially extensive sources and to present tools available for landscape scale investigations. We focus these efforts in US National Parks (Mesa Verde, Grand Teton and Glacier) to highlight that ecological noise pollution is not a threat restricted to developed areas and that many protected natural areas experience significant noise loads. As a heuristic tool for understanding past and future noise pollution we forecast community noise utilizing a spatially-explicit land-use change model that depicts the intensity of human development at sub-county resolution. For road noise, we transform effect distances from two studies into sound levels to begin a discussion of noise thresholds for wildlife. The spatial scale of noise exposure is far larger than any protected area, and no site in the continental US is free form noise. The design of observational and experimental studies of noise effects should be informed by knowledge of regional noise exposure patterns.} }

%0 = article %A = Barber, Jesse R. and Burdett, Chris L. and Reed, Sarah E. and Warner, Katy A. and Formichella, Charlotte and Crooks, Kevin R. and Theobald, Dave M. and Fristrup, Kurt M. %D = 2011 %I = Springer Netherlands %T = Anthropogenic noise exposure in protected natural areas: estimating the scale of ecological consequences %U = http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9646-7

@article{christin2011survey, author = {Christin, Delphine and Reinhardt, Andreas and Kanhere, Salil S and Hollick, Matthias}, title = {A survey on privacy in mobile participatory sensing applications}, journal = {Journal of Systems and Software}, publisher = {Elsevier}, year = {2011}, volume = {84}, number = {11}, pages = {1928--1946}, url = {http://scholar.google.de/scholar.bib?q=info:qpMZngbCBHYJ:scholar.google.com/&output=citation&scisig=AAGBfm0AAAAAVJLgOK6PYLcv_X2uOph4-evGd2AOVDax&scisf=4&hl=en&scfhb=1}, keywords = {everyaware, mobile, participatory, plattform, sensing, survey} }

%0 = article %A = Christin, Delphine and Reinhardt, Andreas and Kanhere, Salil S and Hollick, Matthias %D = 2011 %I = Elsevier %T = A survey on privacy in mobile participatory sensing applications %U = http://scholar.google.de/scholar.bib?q=info:qpMZngbCBHYJ:scholar.google.com/&output=citation&scisig=AAGBfm0AAAAAVJLgOK6PYLcv_X2uOph4-evGd2AOVDax&scisf=4&hl=en&scfhb=1

Facial expressions are important in facilitating human communication and interactions. Also, they are used as an important tool in behavioural studies and in medical rehabilitation. Facial image based mood detection techniques may provide a fast and practical approach for non-invasive mood detection. The purpose of the present study was to develop an intelligent system for facial image based expression classification using committee neural networks.Several facial parameters were extracted from a facial image and were used to train several generalized and specialized neural networks. Based on initial testing, the best performing generalized and specialized neural networks were recruited into decision making committees which formed an integrated committee neural network system. The integrated committee neural network system was then evaluated using data obtained from subjects not used in training or in initial testing.The system correctly identified the correct facial expression in 255 of the 282 images (90.43% of the cases), from 62 subjects not used in training or in initial testing. Committee neural networks offer a potential tool for image based mood detection.

@article{Kulkarni:2009:Biomed-Eng-Online:19656402, author = {Kulkarni, S S and Reddy, N P and Hariharan, S I}, title = {Facial expression (mood) recognition from facial images using committee neural networks}, journal = {Biomed Eng Online}, year = {2009}, volume = {8}, pages = {16-16}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2731770/}, doi = {10.1186/1475-925X-8-16}, keywords = {automatic, everyaware, facial, human, image, mood, person, recognition, subjective}, abstract = {Facial expressions are important in facilitating human communication and interactions. Also, they are used as an important tool in behavioural studies and in medical rehabilitation. Facial image based mood detection techniques may provide a fast and practical approach for non-invasive mood detection. The purpose of the present study was to develop an intelligent system for facial image based expression classification using committee neural networks.Several facial parameters were extracted from a facial image and were used to train several generalized and specialized neural networks. Based on initial testing, the best performing generalized and specialized neural networks were recruited into decision making committees which formed an integrated committee neural network system. The integrated committee neural network system was then evaluated using data obtained from subjects not used in training or in initial testing.The system correctly identified the correct facial expression in 255 of the 282 images (90.43% of the cases), from 62 subjects not used in training or in initial testing. Committee neural networks offer a potential tool for image based mood detection.} }

%0 = article %A = Kulkarni, S S and Reddy, N P and Hariharan, S I %D = 2009 %T = Facial expression (mood) recognition from facial images using committee neural networks %U = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2731770/

This paper considers how we feel about the content we see or hear. As opposed to the cognitive content information composed of the facts about the genre, temporal content structures and spatiotemporal content elements, we are interested in obtaining the information about the feelings, emotions, and moods evoked by a speech, audio, or video clip. We refer to the latter as the affective content, and to the terms such as happy or exciting as the affective labels of an audiovisual signal. In the first part of the paper, we explore the possibilities for representing and modeling the affective content of an audiovisual signal to effectively bridge the affective gap. Without loosing generality, we refer to this signal simply as video, which we see as an image sequence with an accompanying soundtrack. Then, we show the high potential of the affective video content analysis for enhancing the content recommendation functionalities of the future PVRs and VOD systems. We conclude this paper by outlining some interesting research challenges in the field

@article{1621452, author = {Hanjalic, A.}, title = {Extracting moods from pictures and sounds: towards truly personalized TV}, journal = {Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE}, year = {2006}, volume = {23}, number = {2}, pages = {90-100}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1621452}, doi = {10.1109/MSP.2006.1621452}, issn = {1053-5888}, keywords = {automatic, everyaware, images, mood, perception, sound}, abstract = {This paper considers how we feel about the content we see or hear. As opposed to the cognitive content information composed of the facts about the genre, temporal content structures and spatiotemporal content elements, we are interested in obtaining the information about the feelings, emotions, and moods evoked by a speech, audio, or video clip. We refer to the latter as the affective content, and to the terms such as happy or exciting as the affective labels of an audiovisual signal. In the first part of the paper, we explore the possibilities for representing and modeling the affective content of an audiovisual signal to effectively bridge the affective gap. Without loosing generality, we refer to this signal simply as video, which we see as an image sequence with an accompanying soundtrack. Then, we show the high potential of the affective video content analysis for enhancing the content recommendation functionalities of the future PVRs and VOD systems. We conclude this paper by outlining some interesting research challenges in the field} }

%0 = article %A = Hanjalic, A. %D = 2006 %T = Extracting moods from pictures and sounds: towards truly personalized TV %U = http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1621452