@inproceedings{yuen2009survey,
  abstract = {Human computation is a technique that makes use of human abilities for computation to solve problems. The human computation problems are the problems those computers are not good at solving but are trivial for humans. In this paper, we give a survey of various human computation systems which are categorized into initiatory human computation, distributed human computation and social game-based human computation with volunteers, paid engineers and online players. For the existing large number of social games, some previous works defined various types of social games, but the recent developed social games cannot be categorized based on the previous works. In this paper, we define the categories and the characteristics of social games which are suitable for all existing ones. Besides, we present a survey on the performance aspects of human computation system. This paper gives a better understanding on human computation system.},
  author = {Yuen, Man-Ching and Chen, Ling-Jyh and King, I.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, CSE '09},
  doi = {10.1109/CSE.2009.395},
  interhash = {69f9bd3e6a721f226e39e1f990e20286},
  intrahash = {8670a20dbf6aa9dd21da81ab78a1e333},
  month = aug,
  pages = {723--728},
  title = {A Survey of Human Computation Systems},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5283450&tag=1},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2009
}

@inproceedings{chan2009mathematical,
  abstract = {Human computation is a technique that makes use of human abilities for computation to solve problems. Social games use the power of the Internet game players to solve human computation problems. In previous works, many social games were proposed and were quite successful, but no formal framework exists for designing social games in general. A formal framework is important because it lists out the design elements of a social game, the characteristics of a human computation problem, and their relationships. With a formal framework, it simplifies the way to design a social game for a specific problem. In this paper, our contributions are: (1) formulate a formal model on social games, (2) analyze the framework and derive some interesting properties based on model's interactions, (3) illustrate how some current social games can be realized with the proposed formal model, and (4) describe how to design a social game for solving a specific problem with the use of the proposed formal model. This paper presents a set of design guidelines derived from the formal model and demonstrates that the model can help to design a social game for solving a specific problem in a formal and structural way.},
  author = {Chan, Kam Tong and King, I. and Yuen, Man-Ching},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, CSE '09},
  doi = {10.1109/CSE.2009.166},
  interhash = {a54732b662bcb0d763139a38f6525b56},
  intrahash = {216d582316e970eb498423ee8448edbe},
  month = aug,
  pages = {1205--1210},
  title = {Mathematical Modeling of Social Games},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5283086&tag=1},
  volume = 4,
  year = 2009
}